I-5 001-000 Ma Human Evolution

Anatomical changes

Bipedalism

Encephalization

Sexual dimorphism

Ulnar opposition

Other changes

History of study

Before Darwin

Darwin

First fossils

The East African fossils

The genetic revolution

The quest for the earliest hominin

Human dispersal

Dispersal of modern Homo sapiens

Evidence

Evidence from molecular biology

Genetics

Evidence from the fossil record

Inter-species breeding

Before Homo

Early evolution of primates

Divergence of the human clade from other great apes

Genus Australopithecus

Evolution of genus Homo

1. habilis and H. gautengensis
2. rudolfensis and H. georgicus
3. ergaster and H. erectus
4. cepranensis and H. antecessor
5. heidelbergensis
6. rhodesiensis, and the Gawis cranium

Neanderthal and Denisovan

1. floresiensis
2. luzonensis
3. sapiens

Use of tools

Stone tools

Transition to behavioral modernity

Recent and ongoing human evolution